Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause
GSM, or Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause, refers to a collection of symptoms affecting the genital and urinary systems that occur due to decreased estrogen levels during menopause. GSM affects a significant number of women in the United States. Estimates suggest that around 50% to 70% of postmenopausal women experience symptoms of GSM at some point.
Given that there are approximately 40 million postmenopausal women in the U.S., this means millions are likely affected by GSM and many report it encompasses a range of changes that can significantly impact their quality of life.
Symptoms
Vaginal Dryness: Reduced lubrication can cause discomfort during intercourse.
Vaginal Atrophy: Thinning and inflammation of the vaginal walls, which may lead to pain or irritation.
Urinary Symptoms: Increased frequency of urination, urgency, and a higher risk of urinary tract infections (UTIs).
Changes in Sexual Function: Decreased libido, discomfort during sexual activity, and changes in orgasm.
Causes
GSM primarily results from hormonal changes related to menopause, specifically the decline in estrogen. This affects the tissues of the vagina and urinary tract, leading to the symptoms mentioned above.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis typically involves a medical history review and a physical examination. Healthcare providers may also use questionnaires to assess the severity of symptoms.
Treatment Options
Treatment options for GSM may include:
Topical Estrogen: Creams, tablets, or rings that deliver estrogen directly to the vaginal area.
Non-hormonal treatments: Such as moisturizers and lubricants to alleviate dryness.
Hormone Therapy: Systemic hormone therapy may be considered for some women.
Lifestyle Changes include pelvic floor exercises, staying hydrated, and avoiding irritants.
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When to Seek Help
If you're experiencing symptoms related to GSM, it's important to consult a healthcare provider for personalized evaluation and treatment options.