Stress Incontinence

Stress incontinence is a type of urinary incontinence where there is an involuntary leakage of urine during activities that increase abdominal pressure. These activities can include:

  • Coughing

  • Sneezing

  • Laughing

  • Exercising

  • Lifting heavy objects

  • Running

How It Happens

Stress incontinence occurs when the pelvic floor muscles and the sphincters (the muscles that control the release of urine) are weakened or not functioning properly. When there is increased pressure on the bladder, such as from coughing or physical exertion, the weakened muscles cannot hold back the urine, resulting in leakage.

Causes

  • Childbirth: The strain of pregnancy and delivery can weaken pelvic floor muscles and support tissues.

  • Aging: The natural aging process can lead to weakened muscles and tissues.

  • Obesity: Extra weight increases abdominal pressure, which can strain the pelvic floor.

  • Hormonal Changes: Changes, particularly during menopause, can affect the strength of pelvic tissues.

  • Previous Surgeries: Surgeries in the pelvic area can sometimes weaken pelvic support structures.

Symptoms

  • Leakage of urine during activities that increase abdominal pressure.

  • Small to moderate amounts of urine loss.

  • Leakage typically occurs with physical activity or sudden movements, rather than with strong urges to urinate.

Treatment Options

Kegels: Strengthening the pelvic floor muscles can help improve control over urination.

Electromagnetic Stimulation: An EMS machine that targets the pelvic floor muscles at a higher concentration

Pelvic Floor Exercises

Lifestyle Modifications

Weight management, avoiding bladder irritants (like caffeine), and managing chronic coughs.

Behavioral Therapies

Techniques like bladder training and timed voiding can help manage symptoms.

Medications

While medications are not typically used for stress incontinence, they may help in conjunction with other therapies.

Pessaries

Devices inserted into the vagina to provide support and reduce leakage.

Surgical Options

Procedures like mid-urethral sling procedures or Burch colposuspension may be considered for severe cases.

When to Seek Help

If you experience symptoms of stress incontinence, it's a good idea to consult a healthcare provider. They can help determine the cause, recommend appropriate treatments, and develop a management plan tailored to your needs.